Exercise cramps

Muscle cramps can be an unwelcome "side effect" to exercise. But while cramps are not rare, researchers aren't certain why the cramps occur.

It used to be thought that cramps were caused by loss of fluids and electrolytes during exercising in hot conditions. But cramps can and do occur when temperatures are cool and without excessive sweating. Newer theories suggest the problem is significant muscle fatigue, which results in changes in the operations of the muscle and nerves, bringing on a cramp.

How to avoid cramps? Being fit, first of all. And good regular stretching -- loose muscles are less likely to cramp than tight ones. Many years ago, taking "salt tablets" was recommended, but experts now say to avoid such things. But keeping yourself hydrated, and getting some carbohydrates during long workouts, may help prevent muscle fatigue.

If you're unlucky enough to get hit with a calf cramp, stretching the muscle out by pulling back on the foot so the toes are pointing up ill help relieve it.

Resources

The American Council on Exercise has excellent short articles on making the most of your exercise routine, including "Ready to Run," with tips for beginning runners.