Histoplasmosis

The answer is A, archeologists and gardeners who are exposed to soil are most susceptible to this disease. But even homeowners should take precautions as they rake leaves and prepare lawns and flowerbeds.

The reason is that the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum that causes histoplasmosis, lurks in soil and material contaminated with bat or bird droppings. It is also found in poultry house litter, caves, areas harboring bats, and in bird roosts.

In order to multiply, the fungus produces small spores. When soil contaminated with these spores is disturbed, the spores become airborne. If the spores are inhaled, they may reach the lungs and cause infection. The symptoms of the infection appear about 10 days after exposure.

Though a mild infection may go unnoticed, the disease in its acute form causes respiratory symptoms, a general ill feeling, fever, chest pains, and a dry cough.

Histoplasmosis in its severe form spreads beyond the lungs and this condition is called disseminated histoplasmosis, which can be fatal if untreated. Histoplasmosis is common in the eastern and central United States especially in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys. Diagnosing this disease requires blood, skin and x-ray tests and also lung biopsies. While mild histoplasmosis may not require treatment, a severe attack may require anti-fungal drugs.

Resources:

Find answers to some frequently asked questions about Histoplasmosis.

Learn about the prevention and treatment of Histoplasmosis.